A water-absorbing material has been developed to protect individuals from radiation during flights to Mars.

If one spends even a single day outside the Earth's atmosphere and magnetic field, they can experience a level of radiation equivalent to what one would receive in a year on our planet. Cosmic radiation poses one of the greatest threats to astronauts, particularly during long missions such as future flights to Mars. Researchers from Ghent University in Belgium have proposed a new solution for radiation protection in space: a material called hydrogel, which is 3D-printed. This water-absorbing material is considered by scientists to be a more effective radiation shield for astronauts and spacecraft, as reported by Space.

The cosmos is filled with high-energy particles traveling nearly at the speed of light. Some of these particles originate from the Sun, while others result from powerful explosions in deep space. These cosmic rays pose a constant threat to anything outside the protective barrier of the Earth's atmosphere and magnetic field. Prolonged exposure to cosmic radiation increases the risk of cancer, nervous system damage, and acute radiation sickness in humans.

Researchers have identified water as one of the most effective materials for blocking radiation. Water is dense and contains a large number of hydrogen atoms that interact with incoming radiation and slow it down. This makes water an excellent natural barrier against harmful cosmic radiation.

However, using water as a radiation shield is not straightforward. Storing large quantities of free-flowing water in space presents numerous challenges. To address these issues, scientists have been exploring superabsorbent polymers. These materials can absorb liquid up to several hundred times their weight, forming a stable gel-like substance known as hydrogel. Unlike free-flowing water, hydrogels remain solid and provide even distribution of liquid. This property makes hydrogel an excellent radiation shield for space travelers and electronics alike.

According to researchers, 3D printing allows for the creation of hydrogels in virtually any shape, which means this material can be integrated into astronauts' spacesuits, providing them with additional protection against radiation. Hydrogels are found in many everyday items that people use: from contact lenses to diapers and hygiene products.

While water can offer good radiation protection, scientists assert that hydrogel does so more effectively. They believe that hydrogel can be utilized not only to protect astronauts but also to safeguard unmanned spacecraft venturing deep into the Solar System.