The oldest discovered: archaeologists found the first-ever 3D map in a French cave.

In the Segognole 3 cave, located south of Paris, archaeologists have uncovered the oldest three-dimensional map in human history. This discovery highlights the ingenuity of ancient hunter-gatherers who lived over 20,000 years ago, writes Arkeonews.

A study recently published in the Oxford Archaeological Journal describes how the cave floor was carved to reflect the surrounding landscape, particularly the patterns of water flow. Archaeologists also found carved images of horses and female figures, which may have held symbolic significance.

The research team, led by Medar Tiri and Anthony Milns, believes that this carving serves as a scaled model of the Noisy-sur-Ecole region, showcasing its hydrological and geological features with remarkable detail.

The carving includes channels, pools, and depressions that represent rivers, hills, and valleys in the environment. According to the researchers, these grooves were not only symbolic but also functional, directing rainwater along specific paths.

Some areas of the cave floor even channeled water into vulva-shaped depressions, linking the carvings to images of femininity—a recurring theme in Upper Paleolithic art.

Scientists have identified a dual significance in the carvings: they represent an early example of three-dimensional mapping, as well as a reflection of cultural and symbolic practices. Unlike other maps from the same period, these carvings integrate the natural features of the cave into a detailed depiction of the landscape.

This discovery marks the conclusion of a multi-year study of Segognole 3, which began in 2020. Such integration of practical and symbolic elements demonstrates the advanced cognitive skills of Paleolithic hunter-gatherers.

We also reported on the most remarkable discovery of last year. Archaeologists uncovered a rare brooch made of gold-plated silver, encrusted with red garnets.